Birds  /  Owls  /  Great Gray Owl

Great Gray Owl

Strix nebulosaRare visitorLeast Concern

About the Great Gray Owl

The Great Gray Owl is the tallest owl in North America and one of the most magnificent, a huge, ghostly gray bird with an enormous round facial disk, comparatively small yellow eyes, and a white "bowtie" beneath the chin. For all its imposing size it is mostly fluff and feathers, weighing less than the bulkier Great Horned or Snowy Owls, its great dimensions an adaptation to the cold northern forests where it lives. It hunts by sound as much as sight, its huge facial disk funneling the faint noises of voles moving beneath the snow.

A bird of the boreal forest, the Great Gray Owl plunges through snow to seize prey it hears but cannot see, a remarkable feat of acoustic hunting. It comes south only rarely and irregularly, in winters when prey crashes in the north drive birds out, and in Michigan it is a rare and irregular winter visitor, most likely in the Upper Peninsula, favoring boreal forest and adjacent openings, bogs, and meadow edges. A Great Gray Owl in Michigan is a spectacular event, and an irruption year can draw birders from across the country.


Diet

VolesSmall mammals

Feeds almost entirely on small mammals, especially voles, which it locates largely by sound using its huge facial disk and captures by plunging through snow or dropping from a perch. Its hunting success and winter movements are closely tied to vole abundance in the boreal forest.

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Questions birders ask

Is the Great Gray Owl the biggest owl?

It is the tallest owl in North America, though much of its bulk is fluffy feathers — it actually weighs less than the Great Horned and Snowy Owls. Its enormous facial disk and long tail add to its imposing size.

How does it catch prey under the snow?

It hunts largely by sound, its huge facial disk funneling the faint noises of voles moving beneath the snow to its ears, then plunges through the snow to seize prey it cannot see. This acoustic hunting is remarkable.

When and where might I see one in Michigan?

As a rare and irregular winter visitor, most likely in the Upper Peninsula, in boreal forest and adjacent openings, bogs, and meadow edges. It appears mainly in irruption winters when prey crashes push birds south.

How can I tell a young Great Gray Owl?

Fledglings are fluffy gray-brown with a mottled, less defined facial disc and lack the crisp white 'bow tie' at the throat. Any Great Gray in Michigan is a notable record at any age.

Easily confused with

Other birds you might be looking at instead.

Great Horned OwlBubo virginianus
Barred OwlStrix varia
Northern Hawk OwlSurnia ulula
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