Birds  /  Waterbirds  /  Virginia Rail

Virginia Rail

Rallus limicolaNativeLeast Concern

About the Virginia Rail

The Virginia Rail is a secretive, hen-shaped marsh bird built for a life among the reeds — laterally compressed so it can squeeze between close-growing stems (the origin of "thin as a rail"), with a flexible forehead that lets it push through vegetation and strong legs and long toes for walking on soft mud and floating plants. Rusty-orange below with gray cheeks, barred flanks, and a long, slightly downcurved reddish bill, it slips through cattail and sedge marshes almost invisibly, far more often heard than seen.

Its calls are distinctive and varied — a descending series of grunts and a metallic, accelerating "kid-ick, kid-ick" — and they betray a bird that would otherwise go undetected. Virginia Rails breed in freshwater and brackish marshes across Michigan, probing the mud with that long bill for insects and other invertebrates. Although they look like weak fliers, they migrate considerable distances at night, and a few may linger into winter where open water and cover persist.


Diet

Aquatic insectsInvertebratesSeeds

Probes soft mud and shallow water with its long bill for aquatic insects, worms, snails, small crustaceans, and other invertebrates, and takes seeds of marsh plants, especially in fall and winter. It forages within dense marsh vegetation and along the muddy edges of open water.

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Questions birders ask

Why is it called a rail, and what does "thin as a rail" mean?

Rails have laterally compressed bodies that let them slip between marsh stems, and the Virginia Rail is a classic example. The saying "thin as a rail" comes from this narrow, flattened body shape.

How do I detect one?

Usually by voice. The Virginia Rail gives distinctive descending grunts and a metallic, accelerating "kid-ick, kid-ick" from within the marsh. It stays hidden in dense cover and rarely comes into the open.

How is it different from a Sora?

The Virginia Rail has a long, slightly downcurved reddish bill, rusty underparts, gray cheeks, and barred flanks. The Sora is grayer with a short, stubby yellow bill and a black face, though both share the same dense marsh habitat.

What do young Virginia Rails look like?

Chicks are glossy black balls of down with a pale bill, and juveniles are much darker and sootier below than the rusty adult. Both stages are far more often heard than seen.

Easily confused with

Other birds you might be looking at instead.

SoraPorzana carolina
Common GallinuleGallinula galeata
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